KEMAHIRAN BERBAHASA DAN PENERAPANNYA

0
Posted on by

Teori kemahiran Berbahasa

Berikut ini lima teori ringkasan hipotesis yang beredar untuk mahir berbahasa. ( Untuk teknis berdiskusi dan mendukung fakta, see Krashen 1994, 2004)

Hipotesa Kemahiran Pembelajaran

Kita punya dua cara yang berbeda dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berbahasa asing : Kita bisa mahir berbahasa, dan kita bisa belajar bahasa.

Kemahiran berbahasa terjadi tanpa sadar. Ketika hal itu terjadi, kita tidak sadar bahwa itu terjadi. Kita pikir kita mempunyai percakapan, membaca buku, menonton bioskop. Tentu saja, kita, tapi di waktu yang sama, kita bisa mahir berbahasa.

Juga, kita pernah sekali memperoleh sesuatu, kita biasanya tidak sadar bahwa apapun sudah terjadi; dan pengetahuanlah yang menyimpan ke dalam otak kita secara tanpa sadar.

Penelitian yang kuatlah yang mendukung kedua pandangan bahwa anak-anak dan orang yang sudah dewasa bisa secara tanpa sadar belajar bahasa. Dan juga, lisan dan menulis keduanya bisa menjadikan kita mahir berbahasa.

Kadang-kadang kemahiran itu merujuk kepada pengambilan sebuah bahasa. Ketika seseorang mengatakan, “saya berada di perancis untuk sementara, dan Saya mengambil beberapa bahasa Perancis.itu artinya dia (laki-laki) atau dia (perempuan) telah mahir berbahasa.

Pembelajaran bahasa adalah sebuah proses yang disengaja ; Ketika kita sedang belajar, kita tahu kita sedang belajar dan kita mencoba untuk mempelajari . Pembelajaran bahasa adalah apa yang kita lakukan di Sekolah; dalam bercakap-cakap setiap hari, ketika kita membahas tentang ”aturan” dan “tata bahasa”, kita sedang membahas tentang “belajar”.

Perbaikan yang salah diharapkan bisa membantu dalam belajar. Ketika kita membuat kesalahan lalu dikoreksi, kita berharap merubah kesadaran menjadi versi sebagaimana aturannya. Jika siswa mengatakan, “saya datang ke sekolah setiap hari,” dan guru menjawab dengan, “tidak, ‘saya yang datang ke sekolah’,” siswa diharapkan menyadari bahwa tidak berlanjut ke bentuk tunggal orang pertama dari kata kerja.

Urutan Hipotesis Alami

Kita memperoleh (bukan mempelajari) dari bagian urutan bahasa yang dapat di prediksi. Beberapa materi gramatikal, contohnya, memperoleh permulaan ketika yang lainnya diperoleh.

Translation text

0
Posted on by

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 my daughter is Ruth Luyi Young putri saya adalah Ruth Luyi Muda Putri saya bernama Ruth Luyi Young
Analysis:
Google translate translates word “young” into muda, based on context the word “young” is long name of Ruth Luyi Young

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 She was botn in water dragon years Dia lahir di tahun naga air Dia lahir di tahun naga air
Analysis:
For this sentence google translate the sentence with correct trasnlate, the phrase “water years dragon” is translate into “tahun naga air”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 The names of my husbands were Pan Kai Jing and Edwin Young, both of them dead and our secrets gone with them. Nama-namasuami saya adalahPan KaiJing dan EdwinYoung,keduanya mati dan rahasia kami pergi dengan mereka. Nama-nama suami saya adalah Pan Kai Jing dan Edwin Young, keduanya mati dan rahasia kami hilang bersama nya
Ananysis:
As literally word”gone” is translate into “pergi”, but if base on context “pergi”is wrong ,thats why i translate “Gone” into “hilang” to make it clear with the context

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 so we are the same but for opposite reason jadi kita adalah sama tetapi untuk alasan yang berlawanan Jadi kita sama tepapi untuk alasan yang berbeda
Analysis:
As literally word “opposite” is translate into lawan, google translate has been translate it into”berlawanan”. But to make the sentece clear word “opposite” is translate into “berbeda’ to make it clear

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 I know all this, yet there is one name i cannot remember. Aku tahu semua ini, namun ada satu nama saya tidak ingat. Aku tahu semua ini, tapi ada satu nama yang aku lupa
Analysis:
Google translate translates the sentence “ yet there is one name i cannot remember” with one by one word so the translation sound to be not natural thats why i translate “, tapi ada satu nama yang aku lupa” to make sound natural.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 A hundred times i have gone over that morning when Precious Auntie wrote it down. I could count. I could read. Seratus kali saya pergi lebih pagi itu ketika Bibi Tersayang menuliskannya. Aku bisa menghitung. Aku bisa membaca. Seratus kali aku pergi lebih pagi pada pagi itu ketika bibi tersayang menuliskanya. Aku bisa hitung. Aku bisa membaca.
Analysis :
The sentence “i have gone over that morning” is translate into ” saya pergi lebih pagi itu” that sound is not natural then i change it into “aku pergi lebih pagi pada pagi itu”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 i had a memory for everything saya punya memori untuk segalanya Aku ingat segalannya.
Analysis:
Google translate translate that sentence is not clear because word “memory” is translate just”memori” not “ingat”.
PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED

1 i felt my shoulder being shaken saya merasa bahu saya sedang terguncang Saya merasakan bahu saya sedang gemetar
Analysis :
Word “shaken” is translate into “terguncang”, and replaced with “gemetar”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 It is there in the oldest layer of my memory, and i cannot dig it out Hal ini ada di lapisan tertua dari ingatan saya, dan saya tidak bisa menggalinya keluar Ini adalah lapisan tertua dari ingatan saya, dan saya tidak bisa mengeluarkannya
Analysis:
The phrase “dig it out” as literally is translate into “menggalinya keluar”, but it sound not natural ,to make it natural i translate the phrase” dig it out “ into “mengeluarkannya” to make it sound natural.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 I was only six then, but very smart Aku hanya enam itu, tapi sangat cerdas aku berusia enam tahun waktu itu, tapi sangat pintar
Analysis:
The sentence “ i was only six then” is translate into “ aku hanya enam itu” that translation is not clear thats why i translate it into “ aku berusia enam tahun waktu itu

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 I had a memory for everything, and here is my memory of that winter morning. Aku punya memori untuk segala sesuatu,dan di sini adalah kenangan saya yang dingin pagi. Aku ingat semuanya, dan ini adalah kenanganku di pagi pada musim dingin
Analysis:
The word “everything” is translate into “ segala sesuatu” it sound doesn’t natural . to make it natural i translate “everything” into “semuanya”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 The flue to our little room was furthest from the stove in the common room, and the bricks beneath me had long turned cold. Buang ke kamar kecil kami adalah terjauh dari kompor di common room, dan batu bata di bawah saya sudah lama berubah dingin. Corong asap keruangan kecil kita lebih cepat dari kompor di dalam ruang makan besar, dan batu bata di bawahku sudah lama berubah menjadi dingin
Analysis:
The sentence “The flue to our little room was furthest from the stove in the common room” translates by google translate into “Buang ke kamar kecil kami adalah terjauh dari kompor di common room” that translation doesn’t clear to make that sentence clear i translate it into “Corong asap keruangan kecil kita lebih cepat dari kompor di dalam ruang makan besar” and make the translation good

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 i was sleepy, still lying on the brick k’ang bed i shared with precious auntie Saya mengantuk, masih terbaring di tempat tidur bata K’ang saya berbagi dengan bibi berharga Saya mengantuk, masih terbaring di tempat tidur bata K’ang saya berbagi tempat dengan bibi tersayang
Analysis :
Google translate translate “precious” into “berharga”. It’s not clear to the context but “tersayang” is clear for this context

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 I could count Aku bisa menghitung Aku bisa menghitung
Analysis:
The translation of google translate is correct . the structure and grammar is correct

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 ‘i can’t see,’ i complained. “Saya tidak bisa melihat,” aku mengeluh. ‘aku tidak bisa melihat,’ aku mengeluh
Analysis:
All structure of that sentence is correct

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 She huffed, set the paper on the low cupboard, and motioned that i should get up. Dia mendengus, mengatur kertas di lemari rendah, dan memberi isyarat bahwa saya harus bangun. Dia gusar, mengatur kertas pada lemari yang rendah, dan mengisyaratkan bahwa aku harus bangun
Analysis:
Google translate cannot translate “ huffed” that why “mendebgus” is wrong word that translate by google translate and i change it into”gusar”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
2 then she gathered the long part of my hair into two bundles and braided them maka ia mengumpulkan bagian panjang dari rambut saya menjadi dua bundel dan dikepang mereka kemudian ia mengumpulkan bagian rambut saya yang panjang menjadi dua ikat dan mengepang nya
Analysis :
There are many word that translate by google translate is wrong such as “then” goggle translate translate it into “maka” as literally “then” can translate into “maka” but the resault of the translate is to be not good, after that “bundles” translate into “bundel” it also not clear, that why i translate “Then” into “kemudian, “bundles” into ”ikat” .

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
1 She lighted the teapot brazier and tied a scarf over her nose and mouth when it started to smoke. Dia menyalakan tungku teko dan di ikat syal menutupi hidung dan mulutnya ketika mulai merokok. Dia menyalakan tungku teko dan mengikat syaal pada hidung dan mulutnya ketika mulai merokok.
Analysis:
The word “tied” is translate into “di ikat” it wrong affix because “ mengikat” is correct affix

Page SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE Revised
2 she also made picture with her blackened hand dia juga membuat gambar dengan tangan menghitam dia juga membuat gambar dengan menghitamkan tangannya
Analysis :
Structure of “her blacked hand” then translate into “tangan menghitan” is wrong than i change the pahrase into”menghitamkan tangannya”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
2 she banded the top with red ribbon,the bottom with green dia banded atas dengan pita merah, bagian bawah dengan pita hijau dia mengikat bagian atas dengan pita merah, bagian bawah dengan pita hijau
Analysis :
Google translate can not translate word “banded” the resault is still “banded”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
2 she told me things with grimaces and groan dia mengatakan kepada saya hal-hal dengan meringis dan mengerang dia mengatakan hal-hal kepada saya dengan meringis dan mengerang
Analysis :
This translate just wrong in structure of “dia mengatakan kepada saya hal-hal” and correct is “dia mengatakan hal-hal kepada saya”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
2 she had no voice, just gasps and wheezes, the snorts of raggged wind dia tidak punya suara, hanya terengah-engah dan mengi, para dengusan angin raggged dia tidak bersuara, hanya terengah-engah dan mendesah, pada hembusan angin yg kencang
Analysis :
For this sentence many word that can not to translate by google translate “wheezes” just translate into”mengi” then “ragged” into “ragged” that make the translation tobe not good

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
2 as she wound her hair tight against her skull saat ia luka rambutnya ketat terhadap tengkoraknya Ketika ia terluka rambutnya rapat menutup tengkoraknya
Analysis :
Google translate translates word ”tight” into ”ketat”, the meaning is tobe not clear thats why i translate “tight” into “rapat” to make it clear.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 Where the gums had burned, the teeth had fallen out Dimana gusi telah membakar, gigi telah jatuh Dimana gusi telah terbakar, gigi telah keluar
Analysis:
The Phrase “fallen out” as literally is translate into “jatuh” but is doesn’t sound natural . to make it sound natural i translate “fallen out” into “keluar” .

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 And her tounge was like a parched root. Dan lidahnya sepert iakar kering. Dan lidahnya seperti akar kering
Analysis:
There are no wrong vocabularies and grammar in this translate by google translate.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 She could not taste the pleasures of life: salty and bitter, sour and sharp, spicy, sweet, and fat. Dia tidak bisa merasakan kesenangan hidup: asin dan pahit, asam dan tajam, pedas, manis, dan lemak. Dia tidak bisa merasakan kebahagiaan hidup: asin dan pahit,asam dan tajam,pedas,manis,dan lemak
Analysis:
The word “pleasure” as literally translate into “ kesenangan” but that translation is not natural , that why i translate “pleasure” into “kebahian “ to make it natural translation.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 No one else understood Precious Auntie’s kind of talk, Tidak ada orang lain memahami jenis Tersayang Bibi bicara,. Tidak ada satupun yang mengerti apa yang dibicarakan bibi tersayang
Analysis:
The phrase “no one else” as literally is translate into “tidak ada orang lain” but it not natural to make it natural i translate “No one else” into “Tidak ada satupun” . then the sentence “understood Precious Auntie’s kind of talk,” google translate translates it into “memahami jenis Tersayang Bibi bicara,.” the structure of that translation is wrong so it hard to get understand that meaning . then i change that translation into “yang mengerti apa yang dibicarakan bibi tersayang”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 Not everything, though, not our secret stories. Tidak semuanya, meskipun,tidak cerita rahasia kami. Meskipun, tidak semuanya bukan cerita rahasia kami
Analysis:
The word “though” in the sorce locate in the middle sentence . google translate traslates it in the middle of sentence so the meaning of the sentence is not understanding that why i put word “meskipun” in the first of sentence to make the reader understand

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 I was a fire-eater, she said with her hands and eyes. Aku adalah api pemakan, katanya dengan tangan dan matanya. Aku pemakan api, dia berkata dengan tangan dan matanya

Analysis:
The phrase “i was a fire eater” is translte to “aku adalah api pemakan’’. The structure of that translation is wrong so i translate it into”aku peakan api”
PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 Hundreds of people came to see me in the market square. Ratusan orang datang menemui saya dialun-alun pasar. Ratusan orang datang untuk menemuiku pasar
Analysis
Google translete translte the phrase “market square” into “alun-alun pasar” , that phrase just need translate into “pasar”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 If they said, ‘Delicious!’ i opened my mouth as a purse to catch their copper coins. Jika mereka berkata, ‘Delicious!’ I membuka mulutsaya sebagai tas untuk menangkap koin tembaga mereka. Jika ia berkata,’nikmat!’ aku membuka mulutku seperti sebuah koin yang masuk kedalam dompet
Analysis:
Google translate can not translate “delicious” .As literally “purse” is “dompet” but google translate translate “purse” into “ tas “ that wrong

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 One day, however, i ate the fire, and the fire came back, and it ate me. Suatu hari, namun, saya makan api, dan api itu kembali, dan itu makan saya. Namun, suatu hari aku memakan api, dan datang kembali, dan api pun balik memakanku
Analysis:
The word “however” is locate in the middle of source language , that is the wrong place because the correct place is in the first sentence that why i put “namun” in the first. Then google translate translates “it” into “itu” whereas word “it” reffers to “api”.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 After that, i decided not to be a cook-pot anymore, so i became your nursemaid instead. Setelah itu, saya memutuskan untuk tidak menjadi-pot masak lagi, jadi saya menjadi pengasuh Anda sebagai gantinya. Setelah itu,aku memutuskan untuk tidak memasak lagi, jadi aku memilih menjadi pengasuhmu
Analysis:
The phrase “cook-pot” is translate into “pot-memasak” it not clear , to make it clear i translate “cook-pot” into “ memasak” to make this meaning clear.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 liking the made-up story best. Menyukai sebuah ceritayang dibuat-buat yang terbaik. Menyukai sebuah cerita terbaik yang di buat
Analysis
The pharse “made-up” is translate into “ dibuat-buat” it sound dosn’t natural , to make it natural i translate it into “dibuat”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 It’s almost time for breakfast, and we must pray while we’re still hungry. Sudah hampir waktunya untuk sarapan, dan kita harus berdoa sementara kita masih lapar. Sudah hampir waktunya sarapan, dan kita harus berdoa ketika kita masih lapar
Analysis:
The word “while” as literally is translte into “sementara’’ but it it not natural, to make it natural i change “sementara into “ketika”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 She retrieved the scarp of paper from the cupboard, folded it in half, and tucked it into the lining of her shoe. Ia mengambil kembali scarp kertas dari lemari, melipatnya menjadi dua, dan terselip ke dalam lapisan sepatunya. Dia mengambil kembali lusinan kertas dari lemari, melipat setengahnya, dan memasukkannya ke dalam sepatunya.
Analysis:
For this sentence Google translate can not translate word”scarp” . beside that the word “tucked” as literally translate into “lipatan” but google translate translate it into “ terselip” that why i translate it into “memasukannya” to make it correct.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 We put on our padded winter clothes and walked into the cold corridor. Kami mengenakan pakaian musim dingin empuk kami dan berjalanke koridor dingin. Kami mengenakan pakaian musim dingin yang berlapis dan berjalan menuju koridor yang dingin
Analysis:
Google translate translate word “padded” into “emput” . that not clear meaning thats why i translate “padded” into “berlapis”. To make the sentence clear.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 The air smelled of coal fires in other wings of the compound. Udara berbau kebakaran batu bara disayap lain senyawa. Udara yang berbau seperti batu bara yang terbakar di sisi halaman
Analysis:
As literally word “wing” is “sayap” but that sound not natural , to make the natural i translate word “wing” into “sisi”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 I heard a tenant yelling at her lazy daughter in law. Aku mendengar penyewa berteriak pada anak malas mertuanya. Aku mendengar penyewa berteriak pada anak mertuanya yang malas
Analysis:
The sentence that translate by google translate “her lazy daughter in law” to “anak malas mertuanya” that translation is wrong and not natural . Thats why i translate it into “anak mertuanya yang malas” to make it more natural.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 I passed the room that my sister Aku melewati ruang yang adikku, Aku melewati kamar adiku
Analysis:
The word “room” as literally can translate “ruangan” but it sound no natural so i change it into “kamar”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
3 GaoLing, shared with Mother, the two of them still asleep. GaoLing, bersama dengan Ibu, mereka berdua masih tertidur. Gaoling, yang berbagi kamar dengan ibu, mereka berdua masih tertidur.
Analysis:
Google translate can not translate word “shared” because the resault of translation by google translate is empty he skip the word.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
4 precious auntie gave me a warning look bibi berharga memberiku peringatan tampilan Bibiku tersayang memberikan wajah yang marah
Analysis:
The phrase “warning look” which is translate by google translate is “peringatan tamilan” it not clear meaning, that why i translate “ wajah yang marah” to make it clear.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
4 her black eye look into mine mata hitamnya melihat ke dalam tambang Matantya yang hitam melihat ke mataku
Analysis:
The word “mine” for this context is not “tambang” but “mataku”. That why i translate it into “mataku”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
4 precious auntie once told me that a body grows cold when it is dead bibi berharga pernah mengatakan kepada saya bahwa tubuh menjadi dingin ketika itu sudah mati Bibi pernah mengatakan ke padaku bahwa tubuh menjadi dingin ketika tubuh meninggal
Analysis:
The word “it” no translated to “itu” but “it” reffers to “tubuh” thats why i translated “it” into “tubuh”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
5 Each time my head bobbed up, i looked at the name. Setiap kali kepalaku nongol up, saya melihat nama. Setiap kali kepalaku melongo, aku melihat nama itu.
Analysis:
Google translate translate phrase” bobbed up” to “nongol up’’ it really not clear phrase that why i translate that phrase into “melongo” to make it clear.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
5 Why can’t i see it now? I’ve pushed a hundred family names through my mouth, and none comes back with the belch of memory. Mengapa sayatidak bisa melihatsekarang? Saya telah mendorong seratus nama keluarga melalui mulut saya, dan tidak ada hadir kembali dengan sendawa memori. Mengapa aku tidak bisa melihat sekarang? aku telah mengucapkan ratusan nama keluarga melalui mulutku, dan tidak ada yang hadir kembali bersamaan dengan kenangan sendawa.
Analysis:
The word “pushed” as lierally is translate to “mendorong” but that not sound natural to the context that why i translated “pushed” into “mengucapkan” to make it natural.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
5 I went to put away the birthday present that Luyi gave me. Aku pergi untuk menyingkirkan hadiah ulang tahun yang Luyi memberi saya. Aku ingin membuang kado ulang tahun yang diberikan oleh Luyi
Analysis:
Google translate translate phrase “ put away” to “menyingkirkan” it not wrong translation but it not natural so i change it into “membuang”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
5 Gray pearls from Hawaii, beautiful beyond belief. Mutiara abu-abu dari Hawaii, indah melampaui keyakinan. Mutiara abu-abu dari Hawaii, yang sangat indah melampaui keyakinan.
Analysis:
The translation above by google translate need some additional word and i add “yang” and “sangat” to make it to be good translation.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
5 Inside i found a web of knitted holes, one after the other. Di dalamnya saya menemukan web lubang rajutan, satu demi satu. Di dalamnya aku menemukan rajutan jarring yang bolong satu dan yang lainya
Analysis:
Google translate can not translates “web” because the resault of translation is still “web”. And i translate “web” into “jaring”

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
5 The embroidered flowers, the bright colors, now gone. Bunga The bordir, warna-warna cerah, sekarang hilang. Sulaman bunga, warna – warna yang cerah, sekarang menghilang
Analysis:
Google translate translate word “embroidered” into “bordir” thats wrong translation because as literally “embroidered’’ is “menyulam”

PAGE NUMBER SOURCE LANGUAGE TARGET LANGUAGE REVISED
5 Almost all that mattered in my life has disappeared, and the worst is losing Precious Auntie’s name. Hampir semua yang penting dalam hidup saya telah hilang, dan yang terburuk adalah kehilangan nama Bibi Tersayang itu. Hampir semua yang terpenting dalam hidup ku telah menghilang, dan yang terparah adalah kehilangan nama bibi tersayang
Analysis:
The word “disappered” is translate to “hilang” it need affix “meng” to make it natural . that why i translate “disappeared” into “menghilang” to make it sound more natural. At the end ofsentence not need “itu” because it make the translation not sound natural.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
5 Precious Auntie, what is our name? I always meant to claim it as my own. Bibi Tersayang, apa nama kita?Saya selalu dimaksudkan untuk mengklaim sebagais aya sendiri. Bibi tersayang, apa itu nama kita? Aku selalu ingin mengakui itu adalah namaku
Analysis:
The word “claim” is translated “mengklaim” by google translate. That not natural . that why i translate it to “mengakui” to make it natural

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
5 Come help me remember. Ayo bantu saya ingat. Ayo bantu aku mengingatnya
Analysis:
The word “remember” translated to “ingat” ,that word need affix “meng-nya” it sound will natural.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
5 I’m not a little girl anymore. Aku bukan anak kecil lagi. Aku bukan anak kecil lagi
Analysis:
The translation above is correct.

PAGE SOURCE LANGUAGE GOOGLE TRANSLATE REVISED
5 I’m not afraid of ghosts. Aku tidak takut hantu. Aku tidak takut hantu hantu
Analysis:
The word “ghosts” is translated to “hantu” it is wrong because “ghosts” is plural and “ hantu” is singural thats why i translated it into “hantu-hantu”

TOPAN YURNALIS PUTRA
NPM: 16610935

US remembers Kennedy 50 years after assassination

0
Posted on by

The city, which long struggled with the legacy of the assassination, hosted a series of official events.

Kennedy, who served less than three years, is often ranked among the nation’s most revered presidents.

Just 46 when he died, he is praised for his youthful vigour, his leadership through the Cuban missile crisis and his vision to put a man on the Moon.

But he is also remembered for ordering one of the most disastrous episodes of the Cold War, the failed Bay of Pigs invasion of communist Cuba by a CIA-trained paramilitary force of Cuban exiles.

“Start Quote

The older generation who remember Kennedy the best perhaps look back through a golden haze”

Kennedy’s family members laid a wreath on his grave at Arlington National Cemetery near Washington DC on Friday. His wife Jackie and two of their children are also buried there.

President Barack Obama issued a proclamation for flags to be flown at half mast at the White House, US Capitol and other government buildings.

“Today, we honour his memory and celebrate his enduring imprint on American history,” he said.

Among official events in Dallas on Friday, the city’s symphony orchestra performed and bells tolled at the minute of Kennedy’s death. Crowds thronged the ceremony at Dealey Plaza, where the president was shot.

“The man we remember today gave us a gift that will not be squandered: the chance to learn how to face the future when it’s the darkest and most uncertain,” Dallas Mayor Michael Rawlings said to a large crowd before a moment of silence was observed.

Historian and author David McCullough read several of Kennedy’s most famous quotes, including: “We need men who can dream of things that never were, and ask, ‘Why not?'”

http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/71293000/jpg/_71293479_de27.jpg

Bells mark the moment exactly 50 years since the death of JFK

Elsewhere, wreaths were laid in the German capital Berlin where Kennedy gave his Cold War-era “Ich bin ein Berliner” speech in June 1963.

Those events and others conclude a week of tributes to the slain American leader.

Kennedy, a Democrat, belonged to one of the 20th Century’s most prominent American political dynasties.

Conspiracy theorists gather

On 22 November 1963, he and his wife travelled to Dallas for early campaigning ahead of the following year’s election.

Crowds of supporters lined the streets to catch a glimpse of the couple. As the presidential motorcade entered Dealey Plaza at around 12:30 local time (18:30 GMT), Kennedy’s convertible passed the Texas School Book Depository.

Gunshots rang out. Bullets struck the president in the head and neck. Half an hour later, Kennedy was pronounced dead at a local hospital.

He was the fourth US president assassinated while in office, but the first to have his death captured on film.

Soon after, Vice-President Lyndon Johnson was sworn in as president aboard Air Force One.

Lee Harvey Oswald, a former Marine Corps veteran and Soviet defector employed at the depository at the time, was arrested in connection with the shooting.

A British nurse in the Dallas hospital when JFK was shot and others recall learning of his death

On 24 November 1963, he was scheduled to be transferred from police headquarters to a county jail when he was shot and killed by Jack Ruby, a local nightclub owner.

Official inquiries have determined Oswald alone was responsible for the assassination, but Kennedy’s murder has provided endless fodder for conspiracy theorists.

Members of one such group demonstrated in Dealey Plaza on Friday, wearing T-shirts emblazoned with the slogan “50 years in denial is enough” and holding a sign that said “coup d’etat”.

‘Look of horror’

The events of that November plunged the nation into mourning, and many Americans still recall where they were when they heard the news.

Texan Daniel Kendrick, who as a teenager witnessed the shooting, told the BBC he had been preparing to approach the motorcade in the hope of shaking the president’s hand when he witnessed Kennedy’s shooting.

“I saw the look on Jackie Kennedy’s face,” he recalled. “She turned and looked straight at me with a look of horror on her face. That really freaked me out. I had to run.”

Historian Robert Dallek said Kennedy’s popularity endured in part because Americans have been so disappointed in his successors.

“People want a better life in this country,” he said. “They want to think their children are going to do better. And they associate this with Kennedy’s youth, his promise, possibility.”

 

Analysis

1.     1.  “Kennedy, who served less than three years, is often ranked among the nation’s most revered presidents”

In sentence above be found relative clause because word who is part of relative clause,  who served less than three years is relative clause belong to that sentence.

 

2.      2. “Historian and author David McCullough read several of Kennedy’s most famous  quotes”

Sentence above use simpe present tense base on pattern simple present is  S – V1 – Ob . Historian and author David McCullough as a subject, read as verb , several of Kennedy’s most famous  quotes as Object of sentence.

3.      3.  “The older generation” 

Phrase  the older generation include the comparative degree because the Older is comparative degree of Old

source of article : http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-25046604

YES NO QUESTIONS

6
Posted on by

Simple (Yes / No) questions in English are formed in three similar but different ways. The form of simple questions depends on whether the statement from which the question is made has BE (but no other verb), an auxiliary verb (including BE) and a main verb, or only a main verb (not BE and not with an auxiliary.)

The rules

1.If the main verb of the sentence is “to be”, simply invert the subject and the verb to be:

Examples:

  • They are American. — Are they American?
  • They are nice. — Are they nice?

2.If the sentence includes a main verb and another or other helping (auxiliary) verb(s), invert the subject and the (first) helping (auxiliary) verb.

Examples:

  • They are visiting Paris. — Are they visiting Paris?
  • She has done the housework. — Has she done the housework
  • Nancy has been working all night long. — Has Nancy been working all night long?
  • He will be reading the book. — Will he be reading the book?

3.If the sentence includes a verb which is not the verb “to be” and doesn’t include a helping (auxiliary) verb, the transformation is more complex.

a.If the verb is in the present tense, add either do or does and put the main verb in its base form:

·         do if the subject is the first person singular, second person singular, first person plural, second person plural and third person plural (I, you, we, they) Examples: I like apples. — Do you like apples? They go to a high school. — Do the go to a high school?

·         does if the subject is the third person singular (he, she, it). Examples: Nancy reads a lot. — Does Nancy read a lot? He hates basketball. — Does he hate basketball?

b.If the verb is in the past tense, add did and put the main verb in its base form:

Examples:

·         He discovered the truth. — Did he discover the truth?

·         She write a nice essay. — Did she write a nice essay?

·         They did the homework. — Did they do the homework?

 

SOURCE :  http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-yes-no-questions.php#.Und8r-IwkZw

http://www.eslcafe.com/grammar/yes_no_questions01.html

 

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

0
Posted on by

Direct Speech / Quoted Speech

Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)

Here what a person says appears within quotation marks (“…”) and should be word for word.

For example: She said, “Today’s lesson is on presentations.”

or

“Today’s lesson is on presentations”, she said.

 

Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.

When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

For example: He said he was going to the cinema

 

Changing Pronouns

When changing from direct speech to indirect speech, it is often necessary to change the pronouns to match the subject of the sentence.

For example: She said, “I want to bring my children.” → She said she wanted to bring her children.

Jack said, “My wife went with me to the show.” → Jack said his wife had gone with him to the show.


Changing Time Signifiers

It is also important to change time words (signifiers) when referring to present, past or future time to match the moment of speaking.

For example:

She said, “I want to bring my children tomorrow.” → She said she wanted to bring her children the next day.

Jack said, “My wife went with me to the show yesterday.” → Jack said his wife had gone with him to the show the day before.

 

EXAMPLE DIRECT SPEECH:

—  She said, “It’s cold.“

—  “Today’s homework is make a simple sentence”, she said

—  He said, “Today’s homework is make a simpe sentence.”

—  She said, “I’ve been in class since 7.30.

—  Anto said, “iwas riding new bike.

—  “My name is topan yurnalis” ,he said

—  He said, “I’d already been swimming for one hour .”

—  She said, “The concert had already started when he came.”

—  He said, “I bought shoes yesterday.

—  She said, “I’ll sell the remote tomorrow.”

 

EXAMPLE INDIRECT SPEECH

·         She said she was driving a car this morning

·         He said that he had been reading a book since this morning

·         She said she had arived yesterday.

·         He said he had been teaching grammar

·         Ani said she would buy powder in market tomorrow..

·         Aisah said that she could run fast if there is a robber

·         He said his  name was Topan yurnalis

·         She said that she had been on the bus before anto come.

 

Source : http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/reportedspeech.html

    http://tx.english-ch.com/teacher/julia/others/changing-direct-to-indirect-speech/

 

 

Komunikasi bisnis

0
Posted on by

Komunikasi bisnis

 
Komunikasi bisnis adalah pertukaran gagasan, pendapat, informasi, instruksi yang memiliki tujuan tertentu yang disajikan secara personal atau impersonal melalui simbol – simbol atau sinyal.Dalam komunikasi bisnis terdapat enam unsur pokok, yaitu:
  • Memiliki tujuan, artinya komunikasi bisnis harus memiliki tujuan yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya sejalan dengan tujuan organisasi.
  • Pertukaran, dalam hal ini melibatkan paling tidak dua orang atau lbih yakni komunikator dan komunikan.
  • Gagasan, opini, informasi, instruksi merupakan isi dari pesan yang bentuknya beragam tergantung tujuan, situasi, dan kondisinya.
  • Menggunakan saluran personal atau impersonal yang mungkin bersifat tatap muka, menggunakan media tertentu atau melalui media yang menjangkau jutaan orang secara bersamaan.
  • Meggunakan simbol atau sinyal yang merupakan alat atau metode yang dapat dimengerti atau dipahami oleh penerima untuk menyampaikan pesan.
  • Pencapaian tujuan organisasi: salah satu karakteristik yang membedakan organisasi atau lembaga formal dari informasi adalah adanya tujuan yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya oleh manajemen.

 

Contoh singkat percakapan bisnis jual beli

c : hello , this BARGn shop i want to order shoes code 201

S : what size you want

C : 40

S : ok i wil send it to you. please send me your address just by message.

C : ok . how long this item will arrive here

S: hmm maybe 3 day

C : ok it okay, about payment i will sent it tomorrow

S : oh okay so i will sent it after you sent the money

C: ok i will wait it thank.

 

 

Tourism

0
Posted on by

1. What are the four positive and four negative effects of tourism  mentioned in the article

Positive :

Tourism creates many good jobs and careers

Tourism can help to protect environment and animalife

Tourism can save cultures and the lcal way of life

Tourism can change countries and people for the better

Negative  :

Tourism can also produces many poor and badly paid jobs

Tourism can also damage the environments and animal life

Tourism can also destroy the cultures and local way of life

Tourism can also change the countires and people more bad / worse

2.  How many jobs in the tourism can you think?

There are 5 jobs :

  1. Airport cleaner
  2. Zookeeper
  3. Bar staf
  4. Flight attendants
  5. Tour guide

3.   Can you think of some recent international or national event that have affected the tourism industry ?

I  think Miss universe in indonesia will have affect for indonesian tourism industry because this event  will get many interest  from foreign .this event will  it will be advantage for indonesia because this is international event so that many people in the world can see the location in indonesian and then it will increase thetourism in indonesia. If this event is really held in indonesi it will be the benefit for indonesia

4.  do you think (find a certain place) as an object of tourism  is positive or a negative influence in our country?

I think it will get the negative affect for the society  the place is Bali. Bali is the best destination tourism in indonesia for local or foreign this is will give the negative affect for bali because in bali many foreign people use bikini in the beach this is realy diffrent with indonesia culture because in indonesia we learn about propiety of dress which guide us be more polite in using dress. It will make the indonesian poeple follow that behaviour.

5.   Which countries would you like to visit?why?

I will visited england because interest with many think in this country such as the football club, that is liverpool this is the club base in liverpool city . i want to visit anfield(liverpool stadium) i want to watch the match there beside that i want to see big bang, so that’s why i want to visit england.